“基于问题的学习”教学方法在临床见习教学中的实践

Practice of problem-based-learning in clinical clerkship

目的进一步探索"基于问题的学习(PBL)"在医学教育中的作用。方法我们选取中国协和医科大学35名进行(PBL)教学的见习学生,进行问卷调查并分析。结果共回收32份有效问卷,所有的学生(100%)都认为此种教学改革非常必要,分别有30(94%)和23(72%)个学生认为PBL具有很高的吸引力和有效性。在PBL教学内容与理论课的关系方面,有20人(63%)认为是互为补充,26人(81%)认为PBL扩展了知识面,23人(72%)认为PBL可以巩固理论课知识。只有3人(9%)认为与理论课无关。没有人认为可以取代理论课。在临床思维建立,培养实际病例分析能力、巩固和扩充基础理论知识这3个方面,分别有24人(75%),22人(69%),26人(81%)认为收益很大,有5人(16%),8人(25%),3人(9%)认为收益一般,只有3人(9%),2人(6%),3人(9%)的学生认为收益不大。结论PBL是医学教育的有效方式,它与传统理论课互为补充,有助于扩展知识面和临床思维的建立。目前对于教学方式的评价还需要更有效的方式,而且PBL教学对教师的数量以及素质都有较高的要求。

Objective To evalute problem-based learning （PBL） in medical education. Methods We analyzed the responses of 35 medical students from PUMC by a questionnaire survey. Results We reclaimed 32 effective questionnaires. All students （100%） consider PBL to be very necessary. The attvactiveness and effectiveness are affirmed by 30（94% ） and 23 （72%） students respectively. Twenty students think the relationship between PBL and traditional teaching methods is complementary; twenty-six students think PBL broadening the scope of medical knowledge; However, none of them think PBL can replace the traditional teaching method. Most students believe PBL facilitating to development of clinical thinking and clinical problem - solving, consolidation and expansion of basic knowledge. Conclusion From our present results, PBL is accepted as an effective approach of medical education.