三叶虫茶营养成分的分析与评价

The nutrient analysis and evaluation of Sanye insect-fermented tea

通过与老鹰茶虫酿茶和一些品牌绿茶的对比，对三叶虫茶的一般营养成分、茶的生化特征、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成、维生素、矿物质元素进行分析和营养评价，为开发三叶虫茶提供科学依据。方法：用常规方法分析其主要营养素和生化成分；用氨基酸分析仪分析氨基酸组成，并采用WHO推荐的蛋白质模式对蛋白质进行营养评价；维生素和矿物元素含量直接说明其营养功能。三叶虫茶含有36．44％的水浸出物，16．28％的茶多酚、1．39％的氨基酸；氨基酸的种类较为齐全，总含量与传统茶叶相当，9种人体必需氨基酸的总量达到0．722％，是传统茶叶的3～12倍，特别是赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的含量远远高于常规茶叶，而这4种氨基酸在一般植物食品中都是限制性氨基酸；但其茶氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸的含量远远低于常规茶叶，而这3种氨基酸对改善茶汤滋味具有重要作用；三叶虫茶中脂肪酸含量为1．23％，其中多不饱和脂肪酸占35．25％；钙、磷、镁含量较高，铁、铜、锌、锰等的含量丰富；维生素C和维生素E含量与普通茶叶相当。三叶虫茶营养丰富，具备常规茶叶的一些生化特征，可作为茶饮料的代用品；若与普通茶叶混合使用，能在滋味和营养价值上实现互补。

Objective： The main nutrients （including other physical and chemical characteristics, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral elements） of Sanye insect-fermented tea were analyzed and avaluated by comparison with Laoying insect-fermented tea and green tea, which provide sicentific basis for development of Sanye insect-fermented tea. Method：The nutrients and the biochemical constituents were analyzed with routine methods, amino acids with amino acid analyzer and fatty acids with the method of gas chromatography. Besides, the protein pattern recommended by WHO was employed to evaluate the protein nutrients, and the contents of the vitamins and mineral elements were direct indication of the nutrient in this article. Results： There were 36.44% lixiviatings, 16.28% polyphenols, 1.39% amino acids in Sanye insect-fermented tea. The total content of essential amino acids for man comes to 0.722%, 2 to ll times higher than ordinary teas, and especially the contents of lysine, threonine and tryptophan in Sanye insect-fermented tea were much more than those of the ordinary teas, while theanine, aspartate and glutamate were much less. The content of fatty acids was i .23%, with 35.25% polyunsaturated fatty acids in total fatty acids ; The content of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus are higher with abundant of iron, copper, zinc etc. The contents of vitamin C and vitamin E was as much as those of ordinary teas. Conclusion ： In the case of biochemical composition and nutrients, Sanye insect-fermented tea can be used as a substitute of ordinary tea beverage. Furthermore, Sanye insect-fermented tea and ordinary teas can also mutually be improved on the nutritive value and taste when being mixed.