满足基本需求的碳预算及其国际公平与可持续含义

Carbon Budget for Basic Needs Satisfaction:implications for international equity and sustainability

实现人文发展基本需要的途径是保障基本需要的满足、限制奢侈和浪费性排放、保障气候目标的实现,从而达到代内公平与代际公平。作者讨论和分析了发展所面临的消除贫困、城市化和工业化挑战以及居民生活水平提高而引起的消费增加等问题,区分了并不需要每年更新的存量排放和经常性消费的流量排放,界定了满足基本需要的能源消费和碳排放的标准。在此基础上,提出了碳预算的概念和方法,比较了这一方法的特点及与其他途径的区别和联系,尤其是研究和分析了碳预算作为国际气候制度设计的公平和可持续含义。

The approach to fulfillment of basic needs for human development aims at securing necessity emissions while discouraging luxurious and wasteful emissions and meeting the target for climate protection.In this way,both intra-and inter\|generational equity can be realized.After discussion and analysis of increases in consumption along with poverty alleviation,urbanization,industrialization and improvement of living standards,the author separates flow from stock emissions as the former is routinely repeated while the latter is stored there for a longer period of time.A definition is made for energy requirement for basic needs and carbon emissions as the emission standard for individuals under given energy mix.This carbon standard is further taken as the basis for defining and calculating a carbon budget for individual consumption and emissions.Conceptual and methodological comparisons are made with other approaches to emission reductions.Discussions are made on its implications for international equity and sustianbility if an international climate regime is framed on the basis of the carbon budget approach.