当代汉语摹状式“X状”探微

On the Describing Structure with Depictive Auxiliary Word in Contemporary Chinese

"X状"的典型用法是充当"作"类动词的宾语,偶尔也充当句法主语和介词宾语,一定条件下还可作定语和谓语。"X状"的基本功用在于通过选取被描述对象的某种最典型的表情特征,描摹各种生动形象的情状和情态。语素"状"的搭配对象逐渐趋向开放和多样,"X"也由粘着而自由、由词根而词语、由单音而多音,摹状助词"状"也就渐渐形成了。"X状"的迅速发展和广泛使用,突破了西方语言理论有关构词和构形的界限,丰富了汉语的构形方式和表现手法,代表了当代汉语组合方式日趋灵活多样的新趋势。

The typical usage of the describing structure with depictive auxiliary word＂zhuang （状） ＂ is to serve as object of ＂zuo （作）＂, as subject and object of preposition occasionally, and also as attribute and predicate in certain conditions. The basic function of the describing structure is to describe all kinds of vivid features to express some visual human appearance, affections and some feelings. Along with the increasing need of accuracy and vitality in expressions, the morpheme ＂zhuang（状） ＂ has become rapidly, from adherence becoming to freedom, from a root to a word, from a single syllable to a polyphony, and at last has become a depictive auxiliary word. As a burgeoning linguistic phenomena, the abroad and rapid development of the describing structure with depictive auxiliary word ＂zhuang（状）＂ has now break through the westward linguistic theory about the differences between lexicology and morphology, enriching the expressive technique by Chinese people, and instructing the tendency of the agility and multiform about combination in contemporary Chinese.