几个CIMMYT热带群体与中国温带玉米自交系杂种优势的关系

Heterosis and Combining Ability among Several CIMMYT Tropical Populations and China Temperate Lines in Maize

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,研究了来自CIMMYT的5个热带群体与12个中国温带骨干自交系的杂种优势表现。结果显示,热带群体Pop49(Tuxpeno)、Pop32(ETO)、Popstay-green和Pool34与近年来选自外引种质的P群自交系的平均产量表现较突出,其中群体Pop49与之的平均产量表现最突出;热带群体Suwan-1则与中国温带传统骨干系有着较为突出的平均产量表现。配合力分析表明,P群自交系与群体Suwan-1的sca(特殊配合力)水平较低,中国传统温带骨干系与群体Suwan-1的sca水平均较高。这表明P群自交系与群体Suwan-1则有相近的遗传背景。在温带适应性较好的P群自交系可以作为热带种质Suwan-1快速有效导入温带种质的桥梁;中国传统骨干温带骨干系则与群体Suwan-1的遗传关系较远,Suwan-1热带种质在温带可与传统温带种质构成重要杂种优势模式;群体Popstay-green和Pop49的产量gca(一般配合力)为正值较高,表现出较高的利用潜力。研究结果为更好的利用来自CIMMYT的5个热带群体提供了有用的信息。

Through a 12×5 NCⅡ genetic mating system, the study on the heterosis and combining ability among 5 CIMMYT tropical populations and 12 Chinese temperate lines in maize was made. It was indicated that P germplasm lines, having been developed recently from exotic hybrids, showed the high yield potential with Pop 32（ETO-based） Pop stay-green, Pool34, and especially with Pop49（Tuxpeno-based）, respectively. By contrast, traditional 4 key lines from Chinese four major heterotic groups demonstrated high yield potential with Suwan-1 population. Besides, the results of combining analysis showed that the sca of P germplasm lines was low with Suwan-1, which had a higher sca with Chinese traditional key lines. The results above implied that P germplasm had the similar genetic base with Suwan-1 population, which, by contrast, had a wide genetic distance with Chinese traditional key lines. It was concluded that P germplasm can be a bridge to utilize tropical population Suwan-1 to widen the temperate germplasm. Both Pop stay-green and Pop49 had high gca with China temperate lines. These results provided significant information to understand the heterosis and combining ability of 5 tropical populations with China temperate lines.