施肥投入对招远农田土壤酸化及养分变化的影响

Effect on the Farmland Soil Acidification and Nutrients Change in Zhaoyuan City by Fertilizer Application

【研究目的】分析当前招远市不同栽培体系下农田施肥对土壤酸化和土壤养分变化的影响;【方法】通过对农田养分投入的调查,结合大量田间采样和1981年土壤普查资料,分析目前土壤pH、养分的变化特点以及这种变化特点所可能导致的一些问题和原因;【结果】农田出现土壤有机质含量偏低、土壤有效磷出现积累与土壤钾含量低的失衡状况;土壤酸化比较严重,60%以上的农田土壤pH值低于5.5;土壤酸化造成土壤微量元素铁、锰、铜等超标。过量的氮素供应,在投肥品种上没有考虑碱性肥料等因素造成土壤酸化,而土壤微量元素的过量积累与土壤酸化关系十分密切;【结论】招远市农田投入养分失衡等施肥措施是造成土壤酸化的主要原因。土壤酸化造成土壤中量元素的缺乏和某些重金属超标,成为生产上的障碍因子。有机肥施用偏低是土壤有机质含量偏低的主要原因。今后应该根据土壤养分状况、酸化状况,有针对性开展测土配方施肥研究,以推进本市农业向高产、优质、高效发展。

[OBJECTIVE]The research objection will analyze the effect on soil acidification and soil nutrients change by applying fertilizer under different cultivation systems in Zhaoyuan City. [METHOD]A survey was carried out on the farmland nutrients input ,which was combined with collection soil samples and soil survey data in 1981, the change characteristics and reasons of soil pH and nutrients were analyzed.[RESULTS]The content of soil organic matter and soil available potassium was very low, soil available phosphorus was accumulated. The soil acidification was very strong, the 60% of farmland soil pH value was below 5.5.The acidification resulted that the contents of some soil micronutrients were beyond criterions. The important reasons on the changes were that the nitrogen was supplied excessively and alkali fertilizers＇ application amount was very low. The correlation of soil microelements excessive accumulation and soil acidification was high. [CONCLUSION] The important reasons of soil acidification was farmland nutrients imbalance in Zhaoyuan City. As the absence of middle nutrients and high contents of some heavy metals were resulted by soil acidification, the soil acidification became obstacle factor in agricultural productivity. The important reason of low content soil organic matter was that organic fertilizer application was low. We will carry out determining soil nutrients, applying fertilizer by soil nutrient situation and soil acidification state for advancing high yield, high quality,high benefit agriculture.