基于1:20万数据库的河南省土壤空间分异及其影响因素研究

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Properties and their Affecting Factors——A case study based on 1:200000 soil database of Henan province

利用地理信息系统(MAPGIS)和EXCEL建立了河南省1:20万土壤数据库,根据土壤质量演变规律与持续利用"973"项目提出的土壤肥力质量指标体系(pH值)和全国土壤养分分级标准(有机质、全氮、速效钾)编制出土壤pH值、有机质、全氮和速效钾土壤表层属性专题分异图并分析其分布特征;利用SPSS对不同土壤类型和成土母质间的多种土壤表层属性进行了方差分析,结果显示不同土壤类型和成土母质对表层土壤属性都有影响,特别对有机质和pH值影响尤其显著。在1:20万尺度范围内,土壤类型对有机质、pH值、全氮和阳离子交换量起到主导作用,成土母质对有机质和pH值起主导作用,土壤类型对土壤各属性的影响程度要大于成土母质。

This study built up 1：200000 soil database of Henan province based on GIS （mapgis） and excel. A map is compiled in the accordance to the criteria for grading of soil fertility fixed up in Research Project ＂973＂ on Principles of Soil Quality Changes and Sustainable Land Use （for pH） and in the National Soil Nutrient Grades （for OM, Total N, Available K） to show the spatial heterogeneity of pH, OM, Total N, Available K in the surface soils （0-15cm） of the study area; Moreover, variance analysis is conducted of the data of physical-chemical properties of the soils of various soil types and parent materials. Results shows that all determined soil properties are quite heterogeneity especially OM and pH. In a word, at the scale of 1：200000, soil type is the dominant factor for the spatial heterogeneity of OM, pH, Total N and CEC, while parent material for the spatial heterogeneity of OM and pH. That is to say, the impacts of soil type have stronger impacts on spatial heterogeneity of soil properties than parent material do.