盐碱水域凡纳滨对虾体长生长与环境因子的相关性

Correlation between Growth of Litopenaeus vannamei and Environmental Factors in Saline-Alkali Waters

通过凡纳滨对虾体长生长试验,研究内陆盐碱水域对虾生长分别与碱度、盐度、离子系数(M/D)、pH、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度、Ca2++Mg2+总浓度、Ca2+/Mg2+及Na+/K+等水环境因子的相关性,为建立内陆盐碱水域对虾移殖技术体系提供科学依据。结果表明,在碱度5.41～38.78mmol/L、盐度0.371%～0.329%、pH7.88～9.41的盐碱水环境中,饲养15d、体长10～20mm的幼虾平均体长生长速度为1.21～0.52mm/d,平均存活率75.7%。不同水环境下幼虾存活率无显著性差别(P>0.05),体长生长速度差异显著(P<0.01)。幼虾的体长生长速度与水环境因子间的简单相关性都受到其它因子或因子组合的正效应影响,并分别与碱度、离子系数、pH、K+浓度、Ca2+/Mg2+及Na+/K+的相关性不明显,而同盐度、Ca2+与Mg2+浓度及Ca2++Mg2+总浓度的关系较密切,它们很可能成为幼虾生长的主要影响因子。

In order to set up the technical system of transplanting prawn into alkaline waters in inland China, researching the relativity between the growth of prawn and environmental factors by way of growth experiment of juvenile Litopermeus vartnamei. The results showed： in the waters with alkalinity of 5.41-38.78 mmol/L, salinity of 0.371%-0.329% and pH of 7.88-9.41, growth rate of juvenile shrimps in body length were 1.21-0.52 ram/d, total survival rate was 75.7%. Survival rate at the different waters were not significantly difference from each other（P〉0.05）, but growth rate were extremely significantly difference （P〈0.01）. The ratios of simple relationship between environmental factor and growth rate were all effected by remarkable positive effect of the other factors or their suites. The relativity between growth rate and alkalinity, pH, the ionic coefficient （M/D）, the concentration of K^＋ and Ca^2＋/Mg^2＋ ratio are all not remarkable, the relativity between one and salinity, the concentration of Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and the total concentration of （Ca^2＋ ＋Mg^2＋） sum are closely related, and may be effect factors of the growth of prawn in saline-alkali waters.