《华夷变态》与清代史料

Kai Hentai and the Historical Materials of the Qing Dynasty

"唐船风说书"是日本江户时代以中日贸易为背景形成的一种口述史料,自其被江户幕府儒官林恕、林凤冈父子汇编为《华夷变态》以来,就被日本学者应用于清初中国史、唐船贸易史及日本对清关系史的研究中。国内学界因语言和文本解读的困难,至今未能有效开发和利用这份珍贵史料。"风说书"作为江户幕府海外情报搜集制度和清日贸易的产物,其史料价值是多方面的。除其本身所具有的文献学价值之外,不独对清初中日关系史、中日贸易史、文化交流史研究提供了第一手的数据,对清初政治史以及中国沿海地域社会经济史、航海史研究,甚至日本对外关系史研究来说,也同样是一个重要的史料来源。

Abstract.. Kai Hentai is a collection of Tosen Fusetsu-gaki, oral historical materials on Sino-Japanese trade in the Edo Era. Tosen Fusetsu-gaki refers to reports in Japanese translation submitted to Edo Bakufu by Chinese-speaking interpreters, who were responsible for interviewing seamen from foreign merchant ships arriving in Japan about those ships and information from China and Southeast Asia. Thanks to Kai Hentai and Nagasaki Xiousetsu, historical materials like Tosen Fusetsu-gaki have been handed down from ancient times. The most complete and authoritative edition of Tosen Fusetsu-gaki eat present is the three-volume t（ai Hentai compiled by Doctor Ura-renichi and published by Tou-you Bunko in 1958. In addition, The Separative History of Taiwan and The Record of the Zheng Family in Taiwan, both written in Chinese, are the two historical,works compiled by Kawaguchi Chouju, a scholar in the Edo Era and the first man we have ever known who made use of Kai Hentai in compiling. Ura-renichi＇s article entitled An Explanation of Kai Hentai ： Tosen Fusetsu-gaki Studies has so far been knoxen as the most important and authoritative research result and the only phiLoLogicaL research on Tosen Fusetsu-gaki and Kai Hentai. Chinese scholars began to pay attention to Tosen Fusetsu-gaki and Kai Hentai in 1906 when the Chinese translation was published in Tokyo. After that, Xie Guozhen and Zhou Yiliang introduced the academic value of Kai Hentai to China, hoping that China~ s historical circles would translate it into Chinese. By now, however, Chinese scholars have not yet done effective work in developing and employing this valuable material due to language and interpretive problems. Given its historical period, Kai Hentai contains high realistic value. It also provides precious references for researches on the Qing history, the history of the Chinese-foreign relations in the Qing dynasty, and Japanese history, which can specifically be outlined in the following areas. （1） China＇s navigation history and the social-economic history of China＇s coastal region in the early Qing dynasty. （2） The Sino-Japanese history of trade and that of cultural exchange in the early Qing dynasty. （3） The situation in East Asia and foreign policy of Bakufu at that time.