大转型：1980年代以来中国的双向运动

The Great Transformation:Two-way Movement in China since the 1980s

在1990年代短暂地经历了"市场社会"的梦魇之后,中国已出现了蓬勃的反向运动,并正在催生一个"社会市场"。在社会市场里,市场仍然是资源配置的主要机制,但政府通过再分配的方式,尽力对与人类生存权相关的领域进行"去商品化",让全体人民分享市场运作的成果,让社会各阶层分担市场运作的成本,从而把市场重新"嵌入"社会伦理关系之中。近年来出台的一系列社会政策显示,中国政府既有政治意愿也有财政能力来充当社会市场的助产士,虽然无论在意愿还是能力上,两者都有待加强。今天中国社会还存在大量严重的问题,但社会政策的最终出现具有历史转折点的意义。

After the brief nightmare of the 'market society' in the 1990s,a flourishing counter-movement has emerged in China and is engendering a 'social market.' In such a market,the market is still the principal mechanism for resource allocation,but the government,through redistributive social policies,strives to re-embed the market into social and ethical relations.More specifically,the government is de-commodifying fields closely connected with the human right to survival,so that all groups in society can enjoy the benefits of market operation and all can share in its costs.The recent policy changes show that the Chinese government has the political will and fiscal capacity to act as midwife to the social market,even though both need to be further strengthened.Despite the numerous serious challenges China still faces,the ultimate emergence of social policies signifies a historic turning point.