基于通信半径动态调整的无线传感器网络密钥管理协议

A Key Management Scheme Based on Variable Transmission Range in Wireless Sensor Networks

为了实现传感器网络的安全,对节点间传送的数据进行加密解密是非常重要的,这需要在节点间建立共享密钥对.由于传感器节点的资源有限,传统分发密钥的方法不能应用在无线传感器网络中.目前已经有研究者提出若干种密钥预分布方法来保证传感器网络的安全.利用传感器节点通信范围可调节的特点,提出了一种新的基于通信半径动态调整的密钥预分布方案KMVTR.该方案不仅适用于具有大通信距离的高级节点的网络,而且同样适用于只有普通节点组成的网络.和其他方案相比,KMVTR具有若干优点,如提供最佳的抗节点俘获的能力,并且可以支撑较大的网络规模,而且在预分布阶段不需知道节点的期望部署位置.

Establishing a pair-wise key between nodes is important to secure communications in wireless sensor networks. Because traditional solutions for key management are difficult to implement in a resourceconstrained environment, several methods, such as key pre-distribution, have been proposed to achieve the goals of data secrecy and integrity. In this paper, a new key management scheme KMVTR based on variable transmission range of sensor nodes is proposed. This scheme uses group-based deployment method and pre-distributes keys in groups and between groups. In each group, there are certain special nodes which can assist nodes from adjacent groups in establishing a pair-wise key. The KMVTR scheme can use the powerful senior nodes act as such special nodes, and can also use normal nodes act as such special nodes. The theory analysis and simulation result shows that the connect probability of two adjacent groups will be high enough when using normal nodes act as special nodes. The analysis also shows the communication energy cost of the KMVTT scheme is acceptable for wireless sensor networks. Compared with other methods, the KMVTR scheme has several advantages such as providing perfect resilience against node capture, supporting larger network size, and doesn＇ t have to know the expected locations of sensor nodes in key pre-distributed phase.