汉至唐郊祀制度沿革与郊祀歌辞研究

An Investigation of the Evolution of the Suburban Sacrifice-offering System from the Han to the Tang Dynasty and Study of Singing Words at Suburban Sacrifice-offering

郊祀祭天是中国古代国家宗教的中心,帝王通过"绝地天通",获得沟通神圣世界与世俗国家的独占权,以之作为王权合法性的基础和终极来源。汉唐郊祀礼仪经过了复杂的演变过程。汉武帝定郊祀之礼,具有方术和游仙色彩;汉末王莽确定了儒家祭祀体系;魏晋南北朝时期频繁的"告代祭天"成为改朝换代的标志;隋唐时期大型礼书的编纂标志着郊祀制度的最终完善。郊祀仪式中的巫祭乐舞、游仙乐舞、民间俗乐、胡部新声丰富了郊祀乐歌的表现力和艺术性,郊祀乐章与诗篇是祈祷、祝颂等宗教情感的表现,同时也具有一定的娱乐性。

The suburban offering sacrifice to the Heaven was the essence of the national religion in ancient China. By communicating with the Heaven at the summit of land, the emperor obtained the absolute right to bridge the holy world with the secular world as the legitimate basis and primary source of legitimization of imperial power. The ceremony and propriety of suburban sacrifice- offering in the Han Dynasty went through a very complex process of evolution. Emperor Wu in the Han Dynasty set up the ceremony of suburban sacrifice- offering in a necromancer- like manner; Wang Mang in the late Han Dynasty established a Confucian system of sacrifice- offering; frequent practices of ＂offering sacrifice to the Heaven＂ in the Wei, the Jin, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties served only as the symbol of the overthrowing of the former dynasty and the founding of a new one. Finally compilation and documentation of large - size volumes of ceremony and proprieties in the Sui and the Tang Dynasty indicated the end of the system of suburban sacrifice- offering.