保险代位权在不足额保险中的行使——对被保险人优先原则的质疑及比例原则的建立

Theory on the Insurance Subrogation and its Exertion in Under-insurance

保险代位权的目的在于维护保险人的权益。在不足额保险中,当作为保险事故责任人的第三人的财产不足以同时满足保险人的代位请求权和被保险人未得到补偿部分的损害赔偿请求权时,关于被保险人和保险人对第三人的请求权是否有先后顺序的问题,立法上大致存在三种操作模式:被保险人优先原则、保险人优先原则和比例原则。被保险人优先原则存在理论上的缺陷和操作上的不便。比例原则不仅有民商法基本理论的支撑,而且对于维护公平正义以及防止被保险人的投机行为有着重大作用。

The aim of the insurance subrogation is to protect the interests of the insurer. There are three models in the legislation in under-insurance when the third party does not have enough property to satisfy the insurant＇s request and the insurer＇s insurance subrogation at the same time. They are the insured-whole doctrine, insurer-whole doctrine and the pro-rata doctrine. There are theoretic defect and practical inconvenience about the insurant priority principal. In contrast, the inverse proportion principal is not only supported by the basic theory of the civil and commercial law, but also have great function to maintain justice and equity and to avoid the speculative deeds.