攀西地区水稻生育期的垂直变化特点及其积温效应

Changes in Growth Duration of Rice with Altitude and Its Temperature Accumulation Effect in Panxi Region, China

为了研究水稻生育期的垂直变化特点及其积温效应,本文选用杂交籼稻、常规籼稻和常规粳稻3个类型5个代表性品种为供试材料,在攀西地区海拔540～1800m范围内进行了多点分期播种试验。结果表明,供试材料从播种至抽穗所经历的天数(以下简称播抽期)及其所需要的有效积温在不同种植地点和播期之间有较大的不稳定性;播抽期及其所需有效积温与海拔高度和纬度之间存在一定的数量关系,播抽期和全生育期与种植地的海拔高度和纬度呈线性正相关,播抽期所需有效积温与海拔高度和纬度呈二次函数关系;播抽期和全生育期随着海拔和纬度的升高而延长,播抽期所需有效积温随海拔的升高先增后减,中海拔地区(1200～1300m)需要的有效积温最多。

There have been a lot of studies on the influencing factors of rice growth duration and its predicting models in plain and hilly regions with a low altitude, but few studies involving the relationship between rice growth duration （or the effective temperature accumulation it needed） and altitude in mountain areas. In order to study the variation of rice growth duration with altitude and its temperature accumulation effect, a group of field experiments at 8 sites with different altitudes from 540 to 1 800 m in Panxi region, Sichuan province were conducted, in which, 3 sowing dates and 5 cultivars including hybrid indica rice, indica rice, and japonica rice were selected. The experimental results were as follows. The rice growth duration in days was not only different with the cultivars used, but also strongly influenced by therrn-photo environment. The duration in days from sowing date to full heading period and the effective temperature accumulation it needed had largely instability at the sites selected. They were mainly and certainly related with altitude and latitude of the sites. A series of lineal regression equations of growth duration in days from sowing to full heading and the total growth duration （y） responding to latitude （x1） and altitude （x2） of the sites were founded. However, the relationship between the effective temperature accumulation needed （y） and the latitude （x1） and altitude （x2） obeyed a quadratic function. With the altitude ascending, the duration in days from sowing date to full heading period pro- longed, while the effective temperature accumulation it needed increased firstly and decreased secondly, effective temperature accumulation was the highest in the middle altitude region which was about 1 200 m to 1 300 m.