中国石油企业可持续发展阶段划分和对策

Phase Classification and Countermeasures to Sustainable Development of Chinese Oil Companies

油气资源属于不可再生资源,石油企业作为一种组织形式,在完成石油企业向能源企业转型后可以实现可持续发展。论述了石油企业可持续发展可能经历的3个阶段:以石油为主的传统能源生产结构期;石油天然气并重,天然气快速发展的能源生产结构调整期;油气比重下降,新能源与可再生能源比重快速上升的能源生产结构转型期。指出能源生产结构调整期是企业实现可持续发展的关键时期。我国石油企业正处于能源生产结构调整期,天然气是该阶段最重要的接替能源。为实现可持续发展,近期需要着重发展天然气,加大非常规油气资源的开发力度,积极开拓海外市场;远期需要大力发展新能源及可再生能源,特别是燃料乙醇、风能和太阳能,为能源结构转型打好基础,为完成石油企业向能源企业转型、实现企业可持续发展做好准备。

Oil and gas are nonrenewable resources. As an organization, an oil company may accomplish sustainable development by transforming itself into energy enterprise. This paper discusses three stages oil companies may undergo to accomplish sustainable development: the traditional energy production structure stage dominated by oil; the adjustment stage of energy production structure in which oil and gas are laid equal stress and gas develops rapidly; the transformation stage in which the proportion of oil and gas decreases while utilization of new and renewable energy soars. It is pointed out that the adjustment stage is the key for enterprises to realize sustainable development. Currently Chinese oil companies are experiencing the adjustment, as well as natural gas is the most critical supersede energy in the stage. To maintain sustainable development, it is necessary to develop natural gas and unconventional oil and gas resources, and actively exploit international markets in a short term. The long-term objective is to develop new and renewable energy, especially fuel ethanol, wind energy, and solar energy. This provides a solid basis for the transformation of energy structure, the accomplishment of sustainable development by transforming oil companies into energy enterprises.