用无性系变异获得抗条锈小麦新品系4-8研究

Stripe rust-resistant wheat germplasm 4-8 obtained via somaclonal variation

以永良4号春小麦幼胚为外植体进行组织培养,将获得的愈伤组织经过继代培养、分化培养后获得45株移栽成活的再生植株,通过田间条锈病诱发鉴定选择,获得了抗条锈病小麦种质资源材料4-8。研究结果表明,4-8在田间连续5个世代中均表现对当前流行的条锈菌混合菌系(条中31号、条中32号、水-4、水-5、水-7、水-14)免疫;人工接种鉴定中,在苗期对上述混合菌系表现免疫,成株期分小种和混合菌系鉴定中仍表现免疫,说明通过组织培养获得的小麦种质材料4-8具有稳定遗传的条锈病抗性变异,从而为利用体细胞无性系变异进行小麦抗条锈病新种质创制提供了可能。

Wheat germplasm 4-8, a new somaclonal germplasm derived from the immature embryos of spring wheat variety Yongliang4, displayed immunity to yellow rust Puccinia striiformi f. sp. tritic in fields for five generations identified by induction method. The components of yellow rust included equally mixed physiological races Tiaozhong31, Tiaozhong32, Shui4, Shui5, Shui7 and Shuil4, which have been prevalent in Gansu Province and all over China currently. Artificial inoculation of mixed races with different virulence at seedling stage and adult stage, and inoculation of physiological races of yellow rust at adult stage demonstrated that the variant germplasm was immune to the mixed races of stripe rust with different virulence at seedling stage and adult stage, and also immune to physiological races of yellow rust at adult stage. It was concluded that it is possible to obtain wheat germplasm resistant to stripe rust via somaclonal variation.