特教教师职业倦怠的现状及其与工作特征的相关研究

Current Situation of Job Burnout and Its Relationship with Job Characteristics in Special Education Teachers

研究采用教师职业倦怠量表和工作特征问卷对145名特教教师进行了测查,结果显示:(1)职业倦怠在性别上无显著差异。(2)私立学校的特教教师的身心衰竭程度显著高于公立学校的特教教师。(3)中专及其以下学历的特教教师的身心衰竭程度显著高于大专和本科学历的特教教师。(4)教龄在5年内的特教教师人格解体程度最严重,极易产生职业倦怠。(5)职业倦怠中的身心衰竭维度与工作特征的全部维度都有较显著的正相关,而人格解体和缺乏支持与公平感呈显著正相关,成就感与感知社会偏见呈显著负相关。结论:(1)特教教师的职业倦怠整体上并不严重,但在各维度上的发展不平衡。(2)特教教师的职业倦怠与其工作特征的关系紧密且复杂。

Method： 145 special education teachers are investigated through Job Burnout Scale for Teachers and Job Characteristics Questionnaire for Teachers. Results ： （ 1 ） There is no significant difference of job burnout in gender. （2） The level of physical and mental exhaustion of special education teachers in private schools is significantly higher than that of their counterparts in public schools. （3） The level of physical and mental exhaustion of special education teachers with diplomas of technical secondary schools and below is significantly higher than that of special education teachers＇who receive tertiary education. （4） Special education teachers who teach for less than five years have the highest level of personality disaggregation and can easily have job burnout. （5） There is significant positive correlation between dimensions of physical and mental exhaustion in job burnout and all dimensions of job characteristics, while there is significant positive correlation between personality disaggregation, lack of support and the sense of fairness, and there is significant negative correlation between the sense of achievement and consciousness of social bias. Conclusion ： （ 1 ） Special education teachers＇ job burnout is not serious in a whole, but there is unbalanced development in each dimension. （2） There is a close and complex relationship between job burnout of special education teachers and their job characteristics.