辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值测评

Evaluation on Wetland Ecosystem Service in Liaoning Province

货币化评价湿地生态系统服务功能价值，可为湿地资源有效保护与开发决策的制定提供生态经济理论支持。本文依据辽宁省林业厅1995年-2000年对全省湿地资源的调查数据，将辽宁省湿地生态系统划分为近海及海岸湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽和沼泽化草甸湿地、库塘湿地五大类11种类型，应用生态经济学的理论和研究方法．着重对湿地生态系统提供的物质生产、环境调节和人文社会三大类共8项服务功能的经济价值进行了估算。结果表明：辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能总价值为741．54×10^8元，年，相当于全省2000年GDP的15．9％。其中湿地的环境调节功能价值最大，为506．33×10^8元，年，占湿地总价值的68．3％，物质生产和人文社会服务功能价值分别为185．01×10^8元，年和50．20×10^8元，年，其价值比例分别为24．9％和6．8％。辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值主要来源于滩涂、浅海水域、塘库和永久性河流。

There are rich coastal wetland and inland wetland resources in Liaoning Province. These wetland resources have provided such ecological services as material production, environment regulation and entertainment to human society. It is especially playing an indispensable role in maintaining ecological security and nation＇s economic development. Assessment of ecological service of wetland will provide decision makers a theoretical support in formulation of the wetland resources conservation and development planning. Based on data of wetland resources in the province from 1995 to 2000, wetland in Liaoning Province is classified into offshore and seacoast wetlands, river, lake, marsh and swamp, pond and reservoir wetlands. This paper focuses on estimate of economic value in eight kinds of ecological service. The results showed that the wetland ecological service in Liaoning Province valued at 74. 154 billion Yuan RMB per year, equivalent to 15.9 percent of the province＇s GDP in 2000. The regulatory function of the wetland has the greatest value of 50.633 billion Yuan RMB per year, accounting for 68.3 percent of the total. Material production service value is 18. 501 billion Yuan RMB per year, accounting for 24.9 percent of the total. Entertainment value is 5.020 billion Yuan RMB per year, accounting for 6.8 percent of the total. The service values provided by the different types of wetland ecosystem services are different in Liaoning Province. Of which, ecological value of offshore and seacoast wetlands is about 40. 052 billion Yuan RMB per year, accounting for 54.0 % of the total. Ecological service value of pond and reservoir wetlands, river wetlands and marsh wetlands is 24.457, 8.268, and 1.297 billion Yuan RMB per year, respectively, accounting for 33.0%, 11.2% and 1.8% of its total. Ecological service value of lake wetlands is 0. 079 billion Yuan RMB per year, the smallest among eight types of ecological services. In offshore and seacoast wetlands, the ecological value of tidelands is 25. 844 billion Yuan, the biggest among its kind. For shallow water, its ecological service value is 12. 529 billion Yuan RMB per year, accounting for 16.9%. It indicated that the ecological service value of wetland in Liaoning province is mainly generated from tidelands, shallow waters, pond, reservoir, and permanent rivers.