滇缅国际通道沿线紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)的分布规律及其与环境因子的关系

Distribution pat terns of Eupatorium adenophorum along Dian-Mamyer international road and its relation with environmental factors

为探讨道路工程建设与环境因子对紫茎泽兰入侵的生态效应,在滇缅国际通道沿线选取34个样点采集了107个样方,分析了通道沿线紫茎泽兰的分布规律.研究结果表明,①公路所在路段、公路类型、公路建设年限、公路工程用地类型及样点与公路的距离等道路因子显著影响紫茎泽兰的存在度(p<0.01或p<0.05),但这些因子不影响紫茎泽兰的丰富度(p>0.05);工程用地类型及离公路的远近显著影响紫茎泽兰的优势度(p<0.05).②大理-丽江段紫茎泽兰的存在度明显低于保山-大理、芒市-保山和瑞丽-芒段(p<0.05),省道沿线紫茎泽兰的存在度明显低于高速公路、国道和乡村公路(p<0.05);弃土场和高架桥用地的紫茎泽兰存在度和优势度明显高于其它工程用地类型(p<0.05);紫茎泽兰的优势度随着与公路垂直距离的增加而明显下降(p<0.05).③紫茎泽兰的分布受经度、纬度的限制,但与海拔高度、坡度、坡向等地形因子无关;土壤有机质、全氮和总磷与紫茎泽兰的存在度呈显著负相关关系(p<0.01),表明紫茎泽兰容易在贫瘠的土壤环境中生存和扩展.④植被类型与紫茎泽兰的丰富度和优势度存在显著相关关系(p<0.01),迹地次生灌丛或草地、弃土场荒地等受人类干扰较大的植被或生态系统容易受到紫茎泽兰入侵的影响;灌木盖度与紫茎泽兰的丰富度和优势度存在显著负相关关系,自然灌丛覆盖较好的植物群落能够较好地抑制紫茎泽兰的入侵和扩展.

Invasion of exotic plant Eupatorium adenophorum along Dian-Mamyer international road has resulted in not ecological stresses, but also economic loss problems. In order to clarify about the distribution pattern of this plant along Dian-Mamyer international road and its relationship with road and environment factors, the field survey on the presence, abundance and dominance of this exotic plant were conducted in 107 plots and 34 sites. The results indicate that the presence of this exotic plant is significantly （P〈 0.01 or P〈0.05 ） correlated, but the abundance of this plant is insignificantly （P〉 0.05） correlated to the location, type, age and land-use of road. The dominance of this plant is significantly correlated to the land-use type of road and distance to the road. The presence of this exotic plant along Dali-Lijiang Section is quite higher than that along Baoshan-Dali, Mangshi-Baoshan and Ruili-Mangshi Sections （P〈0.05）. The presence of this exotic plant is higher （P〈0.05） in spoil ground and cross bridge ground than other land-use of road. The dominance of this exotic plant decreases significantly （P〈0.05） with the distance to the road. The distribution of this exotic plant long international road is limited only by latitude and longitude, but by altitude, slope and aspect. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus are positively （P〈0.05） correlated to the presence of this exotic plant. Vegetation type is significantly （P〈0.01） correlated with the abundance and the dominance of this exotic plant. Secondary vegetation in waste land and land-use of road can be easily affected by invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum.Increasing cover of native shrub under good protection is possibly an ideal option to control and block the invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum