天津市大气污染源排放清单的建立

Development of an air pollutant emission inventory for Tianjin

通过调研天津市工、农业生产和居民生活的统计资料,研究分析文献报道的各种污染源排放因子,计算出天津市各行业、各区县NOx、SO2、NMVOC、CO、NH3、PM10、PM2.5等污染物的排放量,发展了天津市2003年排放源清单.结果显示,天津市2003年各类污染物质的排放量NOx为1.77×105t,SO2为2.59×105t,NMVOC为2.24×105t,CO为1.33×106t,NH3为7.40×104t,PM10为2.52×105t,PM2.5为1.10×105t.从排放源的行业分布来看,燃煤源、汽车移动源、秸秆燃烧源是天津市大气污染物的重要排放源,燃煤源对各污染物的贡献分别为NOx46%,SO284%,NMVOC1%,CO58%,PM1018%,PM2.524%.火电、水泥、钢铁、炼焦、原油加工等行业依然是重要的工业污染排放源,火电对SO2的贡献为13%,钢铁对SO2的贡献为24%,对CO的贡献为30%.2003年天津市区对NOx、SO2、NMVOC、CO等污染物的贡献均高于其它区县,对PM10、PM2.5的贡献也很高;塘沽区对NOx、SO2、NMVOC、CO等污染物的贡献很大,蓟县、武清区、宝坻区对NH3、PM10、PM2.5的贡献很大.

The amounts of several air pollutants emitted in each district and county of Tianjin in 2003 were calculated by investigating the statistical data of Tianjin industry, agriculture and residential life and analyzing every air pollutant emission factors in the literature. An emission inventory of NO_x, SO_2 , NMVOC, CO, NH_3 , PM_10 and PM_2.5 for Tianjin is developed. According to this inventory, the total amount of pollutants emitted in the year of 2003 are NO_x： 1.77×10^5 ton, SO_2：2.59×10^5 ton, NMVOC： 2.24×10^5 ton, CO：1.33×10^6 ton, NH_3：7.40×10^4 ton, PM_10： 2.52×10^5 ton, and PM2.5： 1.10×10^5 ton. For source attribution, coal combustion, automobile exhaust and crop burning are the most important emission sources in Tianjin. The contribution of coal combustion to the totals is 46% for NO_x, 84% for SO_2 , 1% for NMVOC, 58% for CO, 18% for PM_10, and 24% for PM_2.5. Power stations, cement production, steel production, coking plants and oil refineries are also important industrial pollution sources. Specifically, power stations contribute 13% of the total SO_2 , while iron and steel production contributes 24% of the total SO_2 and 30% of the total CO. The urban area contributes more to NO_x, SO_2 , NMVOC and CO, as well as to PM_10 and PM_2.5 , than the other areas in Tianjin. The Tanggu district has very large emission sources of NO_x, SO_2 , NMVOC and CO, and the Jixian, Wuqing and Baodi districts have large emission sources of NH_3 , PM_10 and PM_2.5.