20世纪语言哲学和心智哲学的发展走向——以塞尔为例

The Development of Language Philosophy and Mental Philosophy in the 20th Century——Take Searle as an Example

本文详细分析了塞尔的言语行为理论、语言哲学、意向性理论和心智哲学,以及半个世纪以来以英、美为主流的西方哲学从语言到认知的发展,由此得出一些重要的结论:20世纪西方哲学体现了从分析哲学到语言哲学、再到心智哲学的发展路径;心智哲学是认知科学的哲学,即在认知科学发展的背景下重新建构的哲学理论;基于经验和重视个体差异性的认知科学决定了心智哲学的本质;由于对心智和脑的研究,以及认知科学的发展,许多学科的面貌焕然一新。

This paper gives a detailed analysis of Searle~ theory of discourse action, language philosophy, theory of intention, mental philosophy as well as the development from language to cognition in the Western philosophy with Britain and America as its mainstay for a half century. In conclusion, the Western philosophy in the 20th century develops from analysis philosophy to language philosophy and then to mental philosophy; mental philosophy is the basis for cognitive philosophy which, on the basis of experience and individual difference, determines the essence of mental philosophy ; their development has brought about a new look of many subjects.