陈独秀与反省现代性(下)

Chen Tu-hsiu and Meditating Modernity

陈独秀作为新文化运动的"总司令",其超人的敏锐与非凡的定力集中表现为:在"五四"前,在认明中西方国情差异的基础上,他选择了欧洲19世纪理性主义的理路,借重柏格森生命哲学的某些论点,高扬科学与民主的旗帜,却拒绝照抄欧洲的现代性反省,从而成功地掀起了新文化运动的洪波巨浪;在"五四"后,则受俄国十月革命的启发,得以反省欧洲"近代思潮"即19世纪的理性主义,转而皈依马克思主义,从而实现了个人思想上新的飞越,并直接推动了新文化运动向宣传社会主义新的方向发展。与此同时,陈独秀在"五四"后反省"近代思潮"存在的"黑暗",并重新肯定了反省现代性的某些重要观点,诸如重视人类情感的作用与宗教的价值等等,这本身即说明了,在欧洲,反省现代性思潮与马克思主义存在着某种共同点。但是,陈独秀毕竟对欧洲反省现代性思潮缺乏足够的理解与重视,他虽转向了唯物史观,却依然未脱民族虚无主义的倾向和固守"科学万能"论,就反映了这一点。

As a ＂generalissimo＂ of new cultural movement, Chen Tu - hsiu held high the great banner of science and democracy, but refused to copy the European pattern. After the May 4th Movement, he converted himself to Marxism by the inspiration of the October Revolution in Russia, and had a great leap in the personal thought, which pushed the new cultural movement into socialism. Chen Tu - hsiu valued the function of human feeling and religion showing that meditating modernity has some common points with Marxism in Europe. However, Chen Tu - hsiu had no enough understanding and significance of European modernity. He converted to the historical view of materialism, but he still had national nihilism and the view of ＂science being everything＂.