从机械化到工业社会——20世纪三四十年代中国知识界对工业化内涵的阐释

From Mechanization to Industrial Society: the Connotation of Industrialization Interpreted by Chinese Intellectuals during 1930s and 1940s

所谓工业化,是指人类社会由农业社会向工业社会的转化过程,包括三个层面:机械化生产、工业经济、工业社会。然而,为学术界长期忽略的是,早在20世纪三四十年代,中国知识界就对工业化的这三个层面作了明确阐述。在20世纪30年代以至抗战初期,大家对工业化的理解比较狭隘,主要指作为大规模机械化生产的"机械化"。但是,抗战时期,尤其是自1943年以后,这种思想态势出现明显变化。首先,许多论者开始热衷于从整体经济变革角度全面阐释工业化概念。他们把工业化视为包括工业、农业、矿业、交通、金融等各方面的整体经济变革。在从整体经济层面全面阐释工业化概念的同时,自1943年以后,知识界又开始从整体社会变革层面认识工业化问题,并明确把工业化与整体社会变革联系起来,提出了"工业化与社会改造"命题,亦即今天所说的"工业社会"。从机械化、工业经济到工业化与社会改造,知识界对工业化的认识步步深入,这标志着中国知识界工业化理念的全面深化。

It has been neglected by the academia for a long period that Chinese intellectuals have ever interpreted definitely industrialization as three aspects： mechanization, industrial economy and industrial society during 1930s and 1940s. From early 1930s to early period of the Anti -Japanese War, Chinese intellectuals interpreted industrialization as mechanization mainly. However, since 1943, industrialization was interpreted by Chinese intellectuals as industrial economic transformation including industry, agriculture, mining, transportation, finance, etc. Meanwhile, Chinese intellectuals put forward a proposition with regard to＂industrialization and social alteration＂ which is called as＂industrial society＂today.