论十八世纪小农家庭的生存经济--以清中期527件服制命案为中心

On the Peasant Household Economy in 18th century:Based on the Fuzhi Homicide Cases in Medium-term of Qing Dynasty

本文利用527件清代刑科题本中关于服制命案的材料,尝试勾勒十八世纪小农家庭的大致轮廓,并据此提出了一些对于小农家庭经济的新解释。本文的结论是:即使在号称盛世的雍乾时期,小农家庭仍然在生存经济之中苦苦挣扎;在面对人口压力而"内卷化"的小农家庭经济中,恰亚诺夫的家庭人口周期理论的解释力是有限的;同时,江南一带童养媳现象要比华北远为普遍,可能是因为长江流域的女性在小农家庭经济中的作用更大。

Based on the Fuzhi homicide cases from penal document in Qing Dynasty,this paper initially study the main features of peasant household in 18th century and put forward some new interpretation about peasant household economy.The research not only indicates that peasant household suffered with subsistence economy in Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors' period despite being called Heyday,but also indicates that Chayanov's household population cycle theory is difficult to explain the 'involution' peasant household economy because of population pressure.Meanwhile,child bride in Jiangnan district is more prevail than in Huabei plain,it is possible result from the fact that female play a more important role in peasant household economy in Jiangnan district than in Huabei plain.