语用环境:语义变异和认知主体的信息处理模式

Language in Context:Semantic Variation and the Mode of Information Processing for Human Cognition

认知主体经常处理的语义信息包括:词典记录的固定语词义和偏离词典语义的临时修辞义。前者通过词典释义,凝固认知主体的公共经验,作用于人的概念认知;后者通过语用环境中语义的修辞化变异,体现认知主体的个人经验,作用于人的修辞认知。概念认知和修辞认知在言语表达←→言语接受过程中体现出认知主体的6种信息处理模式。影响认知主体信息处理模式的诸多因素中,修辞认知的解释力目前没有引起学界足够的关注,有待于广大语言工作者的建设性参与。

Human cognition largely deals with semantic information at two layers, that is, a） the stable meaning stored in the mental lexicon and b） temporary rhetorical meaning which somewhat deviated from the canonical definition in the mental lexicon. The former layer of meaning is made by the definition in mental lexicon, which is further embodied as the collective cognitive experience and affects the conceptual cognition of human mind, while the latter one represents personal experience of the human cognition and has influence on a person＇ s rhetorical cognition by modifying the semantic meaning of a word rhetorically in the linguistic context. In linguistic expression and comprehending discourse, there are six modes of information processing for conceptual and rhetorical cognition. Among various factors that influence the information processing mode of the human cognition, the explanatory power of rhetorical cognition is the one that hasn＇t been attached enough importance. Therefore, it calls for more researchers to be involved.