反向遗传操作研究进展

Progress in reverse genetics

反向遗传操作(又称感染性克隆)为在DNA水平上研究RNA病毒的基因组结构及功能和病毒宿主相互作用提供了重要手段。文章综述了反向遗传操作的研究策略,包括全长克隆的获得、体外转录和病毒的挽救,概括了反向遗传操作在病毒分子生物学研究、疫苗的研制、基因治疗和重组载体中的应用,分析了当前反向遗传操作研究中存在的问题。

The advent of reverse genetics （infectious clone） has revolutionized the study of RNA viruses. It makes it possible to manipulate the RNA viruses through its complementary DNA copy, imitating the real viral life cycle, to explore the viral genome structure and function and virus-host interaction. This paper briefly introduced the strategy of reverse genetics, including gain of full-length cDNA clone, in vitro transcription and rescue of virus, generally summarized the application of reverse genetics in virus genomic function, study of vaccine, gene therapy and recombinant vector, and analyzed the limitations in reverse genetics nowadays