善的多元论与合理性

On Pluralism and Rationality of Goodness

当代西方伦理学家布兰特和罗尔斯,一个注重现实的伦理道德规范,一个深究善的合理性之所在,都是既诉诸现实的人类理性、又关注社会生活实际,但分别独特地阐明了善恶规则的多元性与道德善的合理性,并致力于解答个人与社会、功利与道德、情感与理性、个人的自由平等与社会公平正义等的矛盾统一。他们的基本出发点和主要理论极富启发意义,而缺乏历史观的共同缺陷则是我们应当引以为戒的。

Contemporary western ethicists Richard B. Brandt and John Rawls ,one concerned with practical moral norms and the other interested in the rationality of the good,both appeal to human reason and practical social life,respectively elaborate the multi-rules of the good and its rationality, and endeavor to explain, each in their characteristic way, the contradictory unity between individual and society ,utility and morality, passion and reason, individual freedom and fights on the one hand and social equality and justice on the other. Their fundamental starting-points and major conceptions are very enlightening, though they have the common defect of lacking a historical perspective, which is a good lesson for us.