蜀汉首次北伐魏延、诸葛亮进兵路线新论

A New Insight for Exploring Wei Yan's and Zhuge Liang's Route of Dispatching Troops in the First Northern Expedition of the Shu Kingdom

千百年来,论者都把蜀汉首次北伐中魏延提出的出兵方案称为子午谷路线或子午谷奇谋,并将其与诸葛亮的陇右路线进行比较和评论。实际上,这是严重的错误。完整的魏延策是褒斜—子午策,但由于魏延策存在行军艰难且后勤保障解决不力的隐患,诸葛亮最终选择了主力行军相对容易的陇右路线。与魏延策的正面进攻相比,诸葛亮策堪称真正的"奇谋"。但把二策放在整个北伐中看,又各有其可取之处。

In the past researchers generally regarded Wei Yan＇s plan of dispatching troops in the first northern expedition of the Shu Kingdom as the Meridian Valley route or the Meridian Valley tactic and compared his plan with Zhuge Liang＇s Longyou route. In practice, this is a mistaken understanding. Wei＇s complete plan included two parts： Zhuge＇s troop as the main force was dispatched from the Baoxie Valley and Wei＇s troop as the branch force set out from the Meridian Valley. In contrast to a hidden danger of logistical difficulties in Wei＇s plan, Zhuge＇s route was much easier for troops to march and thus can be regarded as a ＂surprising tactic＂. The two plans had their own strengths viewed from the gains and losses of the northern expedition.