开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求及其确定方法初探

Methodology for Determining Technical Requirements of the Standard for Ecological Protection & Rehabilitation in Development and Construction.

在阐述开发建设中生态保护与恢复标准的技术要求涵义和构成要素的基础上,对其规定方式和确定要求的工作程序、原则与方法进行了探讨。技术要求的规定方式包括定量方式和定性方式,其中定量方式又包括规定指标限值、规定指标限值的计算方法、规定参照系和规定指标的设计保证率4种。技术要求的确定可按如下程序进行:(1)分析开发建设活动的技术环节;(2)分析开发建设活动的生态影响;(3)确定生态保护与恢复主题;(4)确定生态保护与恢复的技术要求。确定技术要求时,应遵循以下原则:(1)技术和经济因素相结合;(2)体现自然地理条件的差异;(3)考虑历史情况。技术要求的确定可以有以下5种方法:(1)实践经验与科学试验总结法;(2)借鉴相关标准法;(3)借鉴国外同类标准法;(4)推理分析法;(5)基于生态质量要求的理论计算法。

Based on the definition and constituents of the technical requirements of the standard for ecological protection ＆ rehabilitation in development and construction, exploration was conducted of working procedure, principles and methodology for specification and determination of such requirements. The requirements can be specified quantitatively and qualitatively. The former also involves specification of index limits, methods for calculating the index limits, reference frame, and design dependability of the indexes. Determination of requirements should follow the following procedures： （ 1 ） analyzing technical issues of the development and construction activities; （ 2 ） analyzing ecological impacts of the activities; （ 3 ） determining subjects of ecological protection and rehabilitation; and （4）determining the technical requirements of the ecological protection and rehabilitation. In determining the technical requirements, the following principles should be observed： （1）combining technical factors with economic ones; （2） reflecting different physical geographic conditions; （3） taking history into account. The following five methods can be adopted to determine the technical requirements： （ 1 ） summarize practical experience and scientific experiments; （2）use for reference related standards; （3）use for reference standards of similar nature of foreign countries ; （4） conduct reasoning analysis; （ 5 ） adopt the theoretical calculation method based on the requirement for ecological quality.