废水处理系统中胞外水解酶的作用特性研究

Study on properties of extracellullar enzymes in a wastewater biotreatment process

从pH、温度、底物浓度和抑制剂等四方面的作用条件，对厌氧-缺氧-好氧废水生物处理系统中β-葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和脂肪酶的作用特性进行研究。试验结果表明，4种酶在60℃有最高酶活；偏碱性条件（pH=8-9）有利于酶促反应的进行；酶活随底物浓度的增加而增大；抑制剂PMSF对各酶抑制效果不尽相同，对葡萄糖、蛋白质和磷酸水解酶的抑制率分别为72．7％、26．1％和26．8％，而对脂肪酶的抑制率高达85．2％；最适作用条件下的各待测酶的活性可达日常作用条件的1．5～8倍；酶的活性与COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷等生化因子有较好的相关性。由此得出控制相关作用条件可最大限度地发挥酶的作用性能，提高废水处理效率。

The properties of β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine-aminopeptidase and lipase in an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic system were investigated by detecting the reaction conditions of pH value, temperature, substrate concentration and inhibitor. Results showed that the highest enzymatic activity appeared at 60 ℃. Enzymatic activities were accelerated under alkaline condition （ pH = 8 - 9） and increased with increase of substrate concentration. Inhibitor PMSF decreased the enzymatic activities of β-glucosidase, leucine-aminopeptidase and lipase and inhibitory rate reached 72.7% , 26. 1% and 85.2% respectively. However, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed to be quite stable. Under the most suitable condition, enzymatic activities were 1.5 8 times higher than the normal conditions. The relativities between enzymatic activities and COD, NH3-N, TN and TP were close. Thus, high treatment efficiency was obtained through controlling the related conditions.