汉字结构方式影响中度智力落后学生汉字识别的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Influence of Different Construction on Identification of Chinese Characters for Moderate Mental Retarded Students

采用三种汉字结构方式的生字和熟字作为实验材料,对43名中度智力落后学生进行了汉字识别的实验研究,旨在探讨中度智力落后学生汉字字形识别的特点和规律,为中度智力落后学生的汉字教学提供依据。结果表明:中度智力落后学生对上下结构方式的熟字识别成绩显著高于对左右结构和包围结构的熟字识别成绩;而对包围结构的生字识别成绩显著高于对左右结构和上下结构的生字识别成绩。研究认为,教育者应加强中度智力落后学生的空间知觉训练和注意力培养;同时,在汉字教学中应强调构字部件的意义和构字部件的搭配习惯的讲解,以使中度智力落后学生掌握辨识和记忆汉字字形的基本策略。

In order to provide suggestions for teaching Chinese characters, an experimental study is made to probe into the characteristics and rules of the identification of Chinese characters of different construction for 43 moderate mental retarded students using new and familiar Chinese characters of three types of construction. The results show that the score in the identification of familiar Chinese characters with up - and - down construction is significantly higher than the scores of identifying familiar Chinese characters with right - and - left construction and surrounded construction, while the score in the identification of the new Chinese characters with surrounded construction is signifcantly higher than the scores of identifying the new Chinese characters with right - and - left construction and up - and - down construction. This study indicate that we should strengthen moderate mental retarded students＇ space perception training and attention training, and emphasize the meaning and usage of construction of Chinese characters in teaching so that moderate mental retarded students can grasp some basic strategies of identifying and memorizing the grapheme of Chinese characters.