基于DEM的辽宁省猴石森林公园的视域分析

Viewshed Analysis of Viewing Point in Houshi Forest Park

利用GIS视域分析功能,基于地形特征,对辽宁省猴石国家森林公园内可达景点、不可达景点和游道的视域特征进行分析,其中,游道的视域特征以游道上间隔50m的75个样点来表征。结果表明：公园内可达景点分布较为合理,一类位于游道两侧山坡上,视野开阔,90%景点的视域面积达100hm^2以上;另一类分布在近游道两侧,视域面积40～70hm^2。不可达景点可视性良好,75%的景点视域面积达100hm^2以上,观赏价值充分体现;游道分布较为合理,全程可观赏到公园总面积的41.71%,游道内的平均视域面积为（61.96±23.52）hm^2。视域内地形呈一定程度起伏,平均高差350m,兼具一览无余的豁达之美与峰回路转的曼妙之美。研究以游览者的景观视觉特征分析为目的,探讨森林公园景点和游道规划的定量依据,是对目前旅游区景观视觉特征评价的重要补充,是旅游区总体规划和综合管理的重要依据之一。

Based on the topographical characteristics, we employed the viewshed analysis in GIS to analyze the viewshed of the sight points（accessible and inaccessible） and tourist roads in Houshi National Forest Park in Liaoning. The results shows that all kinds of accessible points are distributed appropriately in which the viewshed area from accessible points on the higher hilMope far away from the road is almost more than 100 hm^2 , while the viewshed area from accessible sight points close to the road is 40 ～ 70 hm^2 . The visibility of the inaccessible sight points is satisfactory, and the viewshed area of 75 % of them is larger than 100 hm^2. The tourist roads spread reasonably. When going through the whole road, the tourists can overlook 41.71% of the entire forest park area, which equals roughly to the the mean viewshed area of （61.96 ～ 23.52） hm^2 , with three obvious fluctuations. Meanwhile, there is a, relative big relief in each viewshed area from the road points, so that the tourists can experience the changing views when they walk along the road. This study focuses on the viewshed area characteristics from sight points and tourist roads, and provides a quantitative method to design the sight points and roads. It is also with a complement to current landscape visual assessment for planning and managing forest parks or other tourism areas.