不同品种初生肉仔鸡卵黄囊耗用规律及其激素调节的研究

Study on Dynamics and Hormonal Regulation of Yolk Sac Utilization in Different Breeds of Newly-hatched Broilers

选用北京油鸡和AA鸡的公雏研究不同品种初生肉仔鸡卵黄囊耗用规律及其激素调节。每个品种276只健康公雏按体重随机分为6个重复,每个重复46只。分别在孵出后第0、1、3、5、7、9、11天称重后,每个品种选取36只雏鸡进行屠宰。结果表明:(1)北京油鸡的初生重和生长速度均显著低于AA鸡;(2)2个品种鸡的卵黄整重、卵黄囊风干物质含量和总能值均随日龄增长呈指数方式递减,但北京油鸡的指数函数系数均高于AA鸡;(3)卵黄囊瘦素和胰岛素的水平随日龄和品种的不同而变化。在出壳后前3天,北京油鸡和AA鸡的卵黄囊瘦素和胰岛素水平均随日龄的增长而增加。且在孵出后第0和3天,北京油鸡的卵黄囊瘦素和胰岛素水平显著高于相同日龄的AA鸡(P≤0.041 3)。试验结果提示,2个品种的初生肉仔鸡卵黄囊耗用规律基本一致,但北京油鸡的耗用速度比AA鸡快,部分原因可能是北京油鸡卵黄囊瘦素和胰岛素水平更高。

This experiment was conducted to study the dynamics and hormonal regulation of yolk sac utilization in different breeds of newly-hatched broilers. A total of 552 newly-hatched broilers （276 Beijing-You （BY） male broilers and 276 Arbor Acres （AA） male broilers） were used, and the birds of each breed were allotted randomly into six replicates of 46 birds according to body weight. After being weighed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 posthatching, 36 broilers of each breed were selected and killed. The results showed that： （1） Initial body weight and growth rate of BY broilers were significantly lower than those of AA broilers. （2） Yolk sac weight, air-dried material and total energy contents of yolk sacs in both BY and AA broilers decreased in a exponential fashion with age, but the coefficients of the exponential functions of BY broilers were smaller than those of AA broilers. （3） Leptin and insulin levels in yolk sacs varied with age and breed. During 3 days posthatching, leptin and insulin levels in yolk sacs of both BY and AA broilers increased with age. Compared with those of AA broilers, leptin and insulin levels in yolk sacs of BY broilers were higher （P ≤ 0. 041 3） on days 0 and 3. The results suggested that the dynamics of yolk sac utilization were similar between BY and AA broilers with a decrease in an exponential way with age, and yolk sacs of BY broilers were utilized faster, which was in part due to the higher levels of leptin and insulin in yolk sacs of BY broilers compared with AA broilers.