长白山北坡水甲虫多样性与环境因子的关系

Relations between water beetle diversity and environmental factors in northern slope of Changbai Mountain,northeastern China

为了解水甲虫多样性与环境的关系,于2004—2006年每年6—10月在长白山北坡采集不同环境条件下水甲虫标本,共发现水甲虫8科38属70种。研究发现不同的环境,水甲虫的种类、数量、个体大小明显不同。通过多元回归分析发现:水甲虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与海拔(r=0.507)、底泥有机质含量(r=0.638)和全磷含量(r=0.668)成明显正相关,与水电导率(r=-0.470)、水深度(r=-0.461)和水pH值(r=-0.470)负相关显著;均匀度指数与底泥有机质含量(r=0.542)和全磷含量(r=0.489)正相关显著;物种数与海拔(r=0.590)、底泥有机质含量(r=0.593)和全磷含量(r=0.618)成正相关,与水深度(r=-0.636)、水电导率(r=-0.558)、水pH值(r=-0.535)成显著负相关。环境因子影响水甲虫的分布,但人类是最终决定因素,了解水甲虫多样性与环境的关系,有助于揭示生物-环境-人类三者之间的关系,为生态系统和生物多样性的修复和保护提供服务。

To realize the relationship between water beetle and environment, water beetle specimens in different environments related to water beetles were collected. The special geographical conditions provided a habitat for diverse communities of water beetles： a total of 70 species were recorded, belonging to eight families and 38 genera. It was found that species, amounts and body size of water beetles were different in varied conditions. The regression analysis results were as the followings： positive relationship was recorded between Shannon- Wiener and altitude （ r = 0. 507 ）, soil organic matter content （ r = 0. 638 ） and soil total phosphorus （ r = 0. 668）, and also between evenness index and soil organic matter content（ r = 0. 542）and soil total phosphorus （ r = 0.489 ） ; significant correlations were also recorded between species and altitude （ r = 0. 590 ）, soil organic matter content（ r = 0.593） and soil total phosphorus（ r = 0.618）. Negative relationship was recorded between Shannon-Wiener and water conductivity （r = -0.470）, water depth （r = -0.461） and pH （ r = - 0.470）, and also between species and water conductivity （ r = - 0.558） ,water depth （ r = - 0.636） and pH（ r = -0.535）. The distribution of water beetles is influenced by environmental factors, but human being is the ultimately determinant factor. To understand the relation between water beetle diversity and environment is useful in discovering the relationship among life-environment-human. It is hopeful that the study could provide theoretic proof for biodiversity restore.