竹纤维结构及其性能研究

Structure and property of bamboo fiber

该文采用红外光谱(IR)、X-射线衍射(X-ray)、差示扫描量热(DSC)等方法对厚壁毛竹、唐竹、茶秆竹、黄金间碧玉竹、慈竹等竹材的化学组成、纤维形态、结晶结构、机械和热性能进行了研究。结果表明:竹材苯醇抽提物含量较木材高得多,木素含量19.1%～25.3%,戊聚糖含量14.9%～22.6%,纤维素含量除厚壁毛竹外均高于50%;慈竹纤维平均长度最长(1.861mm);竹材纤维的长宽比均大于木材,唐竹纤维的长宽比(142)最大。IR、X-ray分析表明,竹纤维结晶体属于纤维素I,茶秆竹纤维的结晶度最大;DSC热分析图谱可作为鉴别各种纤维材料的方法之一。此外,研究了蒸汽爆破处理前后慈竹成分的变化。经过处理后的慈竹,其纤维素含量从50.5%提高到69.2%,纤维素结晶度也有所增加,纤维断裂强度指标满足纺织材料要求,证明蒸汽爆破手段是开发竹纤维复合材料和服用竹纤维的一种有效预处理方法。

The chemical composition, fiber characteristics, crystalline structure, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the five bamboo species, ie Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloe, Bambusa tootsik, Arundinaria amabilis, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus affinis, were studied by IR, X-ray, DSC and chemical analyses. The results indicated that the benzene-ethanol extractive content of bamboo was higher than that of wood materials, the content of lignin and xylan was 19.1%-25.3% and 14.9%-22.6% respectively. Excepting P. edulis, the content of cellulose in other bamboo species was over 50%. The average length of fiber of D. affinis was the longest （1. 861 mm）. The length/width ratio of bamboo fiber was also higher than that of wood, and it was the highest for B. tootsik, which reached 142. The results of IR and X-ray confirmed that crystalline structure of bamboo fiber was cellulose I, and A. amabilis had the highest crystallinity index. The differential thermal analysis （DSC） can be one of the methods to identify various fiber materials. After steam explosive pretreatment, cellulose content of D. affinis had increased from 50.5 % to 69.2%, the crystallinity index had increased and the breaking tenacity of bamboo fibers was suitable for producing textile pi＇oducts, indicating that steam explosion is an useful pretreatment for bamboo fibers being made into composite materials and textiles.