化学杂交剂诱导油菜雄性不育机理的研究——Ⅰ.杀雄剂1号对甘蓝型油菜花药毡绒层和花粉粒形成的影响

Studies of Mechanism on Male Sterility in Rape Induced by Chemical Hybridization Agent

研究揭示了甘蓝型油菜花药壁发育类型属双子叶型,毡绒层为同型单起源毡绒层,又可称为分泌型腺质毡绒层。用0.03％杀雄剂1号处理9个不同发育时期的甘蓝型油莱,研究其诱导雄性不育的效果,结果表明:造胞细胞时期以前处理都是无效的,花粉母细胞以后处理才有效,尤以单核期处理效果最好,不育株率接近100％。这是由于杀雄剂1号诱导甘蓝型油菜花药毡绒层偏离了正常的发育方式,而形成异常的毡绒层,表现为毡绒层增厚,提早解体,与药壁中层分离,并由此产生各种形状的败育花粉。花粉中出现细胞质收缩、空秕,无花粉壁和药中无花粉等现象。文中还对杀雄剂1号诱导甘蓝型油菜雄性不育的作用机制进行了讨论。

The development type of anther wall in rapeseed is considered as dicotyledonous type. The tapetum is referred to as homotypic single origin type, also called secretory adenoid tapetum. By treating rapeseed with 0. 03% Male-gametocide No. 1 at nine different development stages, the results was showed that the treatment before sporogenic cell stages was of no effect, the treatment after pollen mother cell stages had better effect, while the treatmentduring uninucleate stage had good effect, it giving rise to 100% male sterility plants. This is due to the deviation from normal development mode of tapetum in rapeseed induced by Male-gameto-cide No. 1 and rise to abnormal tapetum, in which tapetum multiplication, early dissociation, segregate tapetum from mesosphere and then various shaped pollen of sterility, contraction of cytoplasm in pollen, empty pollen, without pollen wall, empty in anther cell and so on appeared. Therefore the majority of pollen abortion was caused by tapetum abnormal. The possible action mechanism of Male-gametocide No. 1 in rapeseed was also discussed.