综合干预对小学生受虐待现象和自我意识的影响

A study on effect of comprehensive intervention on serf-concept and re-traumatization of abused pupils

目的探讨综合干预措施对小学生受虐待现象及其自我意识的影响作用。方法采取整群抽样的方法对徐州市某区小学179名小学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA）和Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）的调查。把179名小学生按班级随机分为干预组（88人）与对照组（91人）。对干预组进行2个月的综合干预，干预结束半年后，对2组小学生重测儿童期虐待史自评量表和Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表。结果与对照组相比，干预组小学生的躯体虐待、情感虐待、忽视和总受虐待率下降较明显：总受虐待减少率（45．3％vs19．0％，X^2=18．90，P〈0．01）。重复测量的方差分析发现，干预后自我意识量表得分显著高于干预前（P〈0．05），但是综合干预措施对自我意识量表得分的增高没有明显作用（P〉0．05）。回归分析表明，影响自我意识得分增长值的因素有：干预后虐待、干预前自我意识得分和性别，其中干预后虐待和干预前自我意识得分对自我意识得分的增长值有负向预测作用（Beta值=-0．123--0．263，P〈0．05；Beta值=-0．690～-0．790，P〈0．01），女性对自我意识得分的增长值有正向预测作用（Beta值=0．086—0．166，P〈0．05）。结论综合干预能减少小学生受虐待现象的发生，短期内难以显著改善小学生自我意识的发展状况。

Objective The current study was exploratory and used multiple methods to examine effect of comprehensive intervention on self-concept and abuse again of abused pupils. Methods 179 children from a common primary school in Xuzhou were investigated by applying Personal Report of Childhood Abuse （PRCA） and Children＇ s Self-concept Scale（PHCSS）. 179 children in survey were randomly divided into intervention group（ n = 88） and control group（ n=91 ）. Comprehensive intervention was given to intervention group for two months. After intervention, Personal Report of Childhood Abuse and Children＇ s Self-concept Scale were tested again. Re- sults The study showed that the decrease of child abuse rate in intervention group were notably higher than those of control group（45.3% vs 19.0% ,X^2 = 18.90, P〈0.01 ）. Self-concept level of 170 children had been remarkably improved（P〈0.05） ,with analysis of variance of repeated measurement, but the results illustrated that the mean score increases of self-concept in intervention group were not higher than those of control group after interven- tion（ P 〉0.05）. The score increases of self-concept were passively predicted by the re-traumatization after intervention and the self-concept score before intervention（ Beta = - 0. 123 - - 0. 263, P 〈 0.05 ; Beta = - 0. 690 - -0. 790, P〈0.01 ）. Female had remarkable positive predictable functions on the score increases of self-concept （ Beta = 0.086 - 0. 166, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Comprehensive intervention could decrease the incidence of child abuse in children, and could not advance self-concept development in short-term.