我国耕地保护制度的理论命题与机制创新

Theoretical Statement and Mechanism Innovation on Conservation Institutions of Cultivated Land in China

耕地保护产权不清,不仅导致我国耕地资源大量损失和耕地质量下降,影响到国家粮食安全、生态安全和社会安全,也是引起我国耕地保护制度不能真正落到实处的重要原因。本文从我国耕地保护主要问题的辨析入手,认为以耕地保护产权不清为特征的基本制度缺陷和地方政府的制度扭曲是耕地保护制度失灵的主要原因。在此基础上,本文提出了两个理论命题:一是市场失灵和政府失灵,其主要表现在耕地保护产权不清、耕地价值不完全、制度没有对耕地保护产权界定和耕地保护制度扭曲;另一是耕地保护机制创新——构建耕地保护区域补偿机制,并对这一机制构建提出了基本的思路。

The ambiguous property fights of cultivated land conservation not only result in the decline of quantity and quality that influence the food security, ecological security, and social security, but also bring on the institutions failure of cultivated land conservation. Basede on the analysis on the problem of cultivated land conservation, this paper find that the dim of property rights of cultivated land conservation is the reason of the institution failure. Then we tendered two theoretical statements： one is market failure and government failure, which mainly take on the ambiguous property rights of cultivated land conservation, the imperfectness of cultivated land value, undefined property rights of cultivated land conservation and the distortion of the institutions, and the other is mechanism innovation of cultivated land conservation, and bring forward the basic framwork of the mechanism at the same time.