不同肥料节氮栽培对超级杂交中稻的生长发育和产量及氮肥效率的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Nitrogen-Saving Cultivation on Growth and Development and Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Super-Hybrid-Middle-Rice

研究了2种施氮水平下5种肥料对超级杂交中稻生长发育、干物质积累与分配及氮肥利用效率的影响,结果表明:经济产量与全生育期干物质积累量呈显著的正相关,其次序为:成熟期>齐穗期>孕穗期>分蘖中期;低氮(节氮30%)处理比高氮(等氮)处理分蘖发生总量减少,无效分蘖也减少,但其后期干物质积累量没有明显减少,茎鞘物质转运率高于高氮处理;节氮栽培能显著提高氮肥利用率;肥料SCU、CCF、LPK和低N适PK的氮素利用率均显明高于普通尿素,SCU优势最为显著。SCU的物质生产优势表现在生育中后期,其生育中后期群体生长率显著高于其它处理。同等氮水平下,SCU处理的氮肥利用率较其它肥料高。因此,SCU较其它肥料有更好的节氮效果。

Effects on the growth and development, dry matter accumulation and distribution in Super Hybrid Rice and nitrogen use efficiencies under three kind of nitrogen rates with five fertilizers had been studied, the results showed： there was a significant positive correlation between actual yield and the amounts of dry matter accumulation at all growth stages, the order was： maturity〉full heading〉booting stage〉middle filleting stage. There were less total filleting with low nitrogen （nitrogen saving 30 percent） treatments than that of high nitrogen （equal nitrogen） treatments at early tilleting stage, less non productive tillers also, but dry matter accumulation at later stage no pronounced decrease and higher ratio of dry matter transplantation. The nitrogen use efFiciencies had been increased significantly under nitrogen saving cultivation. Compared with Urea fertilizers treatments, SCU, CCF, LPK, Low N suitable P＆K treatments all had higher nitrogen use efficiencies, especially SCU. The production superiority of SCU treatments Were exhibited during the middle and the late growth stage when the Crop Growth Rate （CGR） were significant higher than that of other fertilizer treatments. At the same time, nitrogen use efficiencies of SCU treatments were also higher than that of others under the same rate of nitrogen. Therefore, the effects of SCU was considered to be better for nitrogen saving cultivation than that of other fertilizers.