论违宪审查权与立法权的分离——中国违宪审查权的困境与出路之思考

On the Separation of Unconstitutional Review Power from Legislative Power

违宪审查权本质上是一种高于或独立于立法权的权力,它的主要功能是监督立法和实现宪政。违宪审查权有三种模式,即由最高司法机关行使违宪审查权的模式、由专门机关行使违宪审查权的模式和由国家最高权力机关兼立法机关行使违宪审查权的模式。违宪审查权与立法权相分离的前提是宪法与法律的分离。违宪审查权与立法权相分离,并由不同的权力机关来行使,具有重要的宪政意义。中国违宪审查权面临着立法机关自己审查自己的困境,改革的出路应该遵循违宪审查权与立法权相分离的路径,建立有中国特色的违宪审查制度。

Unconstitutional power review is higher than or independent from legislative power. Its main function is to inspect lawmaking and carry out a constitutional government. It has three kinds of modes. The legal premise of the separation is the separation of fundamental law and general law. The separation of power of unconstitutional review from legislative power while exercised by different national organizations is very valuable for Chinese constitutionalism. The dilemma of the unconstitutional review power in China is that the legislative power inspects itself, so the way out is to separate the unconstitutional review power from the legislative power.