欧洲人性论史辨析

A Differential Analysis of the History of European Theories on Human Nature

人性是人所共有的区别于其他动物的特质和属性。它既与神性、兽性、物性等相区别,又与非人性、反人性等相对立。人性并非是一个超历史、超时空的先验的本质,或是一成不变的抽象存在物,它始终是在人类社会实践活动过程中生成、展现和变化的。人性要素论是人性构成的理论形态,也是人区别于一般动物的心理特质。人性价值论是关于对人性内在本质善与恶、好与坏、美与丑的评价性的理论。人性不仅是哲学的一个基本理论问题,而且也是心理学、生物学和社会学研究的一个主要课题。

The developing ideological logic, historical course and main doctrines of European theories of human nature are discussed in this paper： status theory of human nature, such as nobility theory of human nature, humanistic theory; humanistic factors theory, such as theory of factors theory, theory of divine nature of human nature, theory of irrational nature of human nature; theory of value of human nature, such as doctrine of good human nature, evil origin of human nature.