添加石灰氮和有机物进行太阳能加热对温室土壤根结线虫和黄瓜的影响

Effect of soil solarization with calcium cyanamid and organic manure amendments on greenhouse root-knot nematodes and cucumber plants

采用田间完全随机区组试验，研究了添加石灰氮和有机物进行太阳能加热对温室土壤中根结线虫的防治效果，以及对黄瓜植株营养生长和商品性状的影响。结果表明，土壤处理40d后，根结线虫2龄幼虫数量下降57％～100％；幼虫减退率随不覆膜、单层膜和双层膜顺次增大，且砂壤土的减退率大于中壤土。处理后茬黄瓜的根结发病株率明显低于处理前茬。5月初，土壤处理对后茬中壤土和砂壤土中黄瓜根结发病率的防治效果均达90％，6月初中壤土为81．3％、砂壤土为66．7％，7月初中壤土为33．7％、砂壤土为5．8％。土壤处理对后茬黄瓜营养生长期末株高、地上50cm处茎直径和节位数的影响小，但可明显提高结瓜盛期的商品瓜总重量和单瓜重量，提高幅度分别达33．3％～58．5％和7．6％～28．5％。因此，添加石灰氮和有机物进行太阳能加热可降低根结线虫幼虫数量、延迟根结发病期、降低发病率，同时可提高商品瓜总重量和单瓜重量；添加石灰氮和有机物进行太阳能加热对砂壤土根结发病率的防治效果低于中壤土。

Control efficacy of soil solarization with calcium cyanamid and organic manure amendments against root-knot nematode and its effect on the nutritional and economic characteristics of greenhouse cucumber were investigated using random complete block experiment. Results show that number of 2^nd instar nematode larvae decreases by 57% - 100% after 40 d of soil treatment. Larval survival rate decreases from no-film much, to single-film mulch, to double-film mulch, and larvae in sandy loam survive less than in medium loam. Root-knot disease occurrence is lower in cucumber plants grown after soil treatment than in those before treatment. Control efficiency against root-knot disease in after-treatment plants in early May is over 90% for both medium and sandy loam;S1.3% and 66.7% for medium and sandy loam in early June;and 33.7% and 5.8% for medium and sandy loam in early July, respectively. Soil solarization does not significantly influence cucumber plant height, stem diameter at 50 cm aboveground, and number of leaves at end of vegetative growth stage. However, solarization significantly enhances single fruit weight and total marketable fruit weight by 7.6% - 28.5% and 33.3% - 58.5% ,respectively.