柑桔高温热害及防护技术

AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 1997,VOl.16,No.3 Heat lnjury on Citrus and lts Prevention.

本文评述了柑桔高温热害发生的过程和起因、热害导致柑桔异常落花落果的特点及其生理反应、热害发生的对策等。柑桔热害发生在柑桔年生育期花期和生理落果的时期。主导因素是突发高温，春梢猛发旺长加剧了热害的程度。柑桔热害发生主要表现为物候期进程紊乱，缩短了花、果脱落高峰时段的持续时间。突发陡升的高温使树体营养失调，碳代谢受阻，内源激素失衡，树体防御体系破坏，最终导致严重落花落果而减产，甚至当年绝收。应加强农田基础建设和以喷水降温为主的应急措施，减轻热害程度。

The cause and developing course of heat injury on Citrus, character of fruit drop and their physiological reaction induced by heat injury as well as its control methods are reviewed in this paper. The major factor causing heat injury during flowering and young fruit periods is abnormal high temperature. Over growth of spring shoot acce1erates, the phonephase of citrus is in disorder and the lasting time of fruit drop is shortened. Abnor- mal high temperature causes disorders in nutrition, matadolism and hormon- al balance, results in irregularity in biochemistry, and destroys the pro- tection system in trees. Spraying water to decrease temperature is an ef- fective measure to reduce the heat injury.