上海市郊销售使用农药的环境毒理评价

Environmental Toxicological Assessment of Sale-used Pesticides in Shanghai Suburb

调查了上海市郊１９９４年的农药销售使用量，并对其进行了农药排毒系数和农药使用危险性的环境毒理评价。结果表明，１９９４年上海市郊农药总销售用量为２４１８．６４ｔ，总排毒系数为３５．４３×１０＾６ｔ／ａ，使用农药的ＬＤ５０为６８．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，接近我国高毒农药ＬＤ５０的界限（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。农药总用量最高的是南汇县，最低的是宝山区；排毒系数最高的也是南汇县，最低的是崇明县和浦东新区。

This paper studied the amount of sale-used pesticides in Shanghai suburbs in 1994 and made an environmental toxicological assessment on pesticide discharge toxicological coefficient and on pesticides application risk. The results showed, the total amount of sale-used pesticides was 2418.64t,and total pesticide discharge toxicological coefficient was 35.43×106t/a in Shanghai suburbs in 1994, the average LD50 of sale-used pesticides was 68.3mg/kg, it was closed to government standard of high toxicological pesticide (LD5050mg/kg). In viewpoint of environmental toxicology, the structure of sale-used pesticides was very irrational in Shanghai suburbs with the following problems: the proportion of high effective pesticides was small; rapid toxicity of pesticides, the degree of pesticides application risk and the proportion of water soluble pesticides were high.