克拉玛依农业开发区人工栽培树种生态适应性评价

Evaluation on Ecological Adaptability of the Cultivated Tree Species in Agricultural Development Region of Karamay

以生长量和抗逆性为主要评价指标,对克拉玛依农业开发区人工栽培的82个树种依据栽培目的(生态防护林树种、生态经济林树种和庭院观赏树种)进行了生态适应性评价,并建立了多目的多指标的综合评价体系。评价结果表明:中林系列的天演杨在树高和胸径生长量上均高于新疆杨和少先队杨,但易风折。沙拐枣属的3个树种长势差,存活率低,对土壤要求严格。刺槐、国槐、梓树的抗寒性差,容易发生冻害,但为了增加开发区树种的多样性,应采取适当保护措施。庭院栽植的银杏、香椿等存活率低,基本不适宜开发区的自然环境和立地条件,应限制其进一步引种或淘汰。胡杨、沙枣等乡土树种在生长量和抗逆性方面都表现出了较强的生态适应性。一些原生树种虽为低矮灌木,但具有良好的防风固土能力,而且自我更新能力强,在防护林营造中应给予关注。此外,农业开发区引进的经济林树种大多处在盛果期,树体旺盛,结果率高,达到了生态效益与经济效益双赢的目的。

Using increment and resistance as the major evaluation indexes, the ecological adaptability of eighty- two tree species cultivated in Karamay Agricultural Development Region were evaluated based on cultivation purposes （ecological windbreak tree species, ecological economic tree species and ornamental tree species） and systematically integrative multipurpose and multi - index evaluation were established. The results showed： Tianyan Yang had higher increment of tree height and diameter at breast height than Populus alba var. pyramidalis Bunge and Populus pioneer Jabl., but it liable to breaking by wind. Three species of Californium L. performed badly judged from poor vigor of tree and low survive rate due to unsuitable soil conditions. The cold resistance of Robinia pseudoacacia L., Sophora japonica L. and Catalpa ovata G. Don were weak, so it was necessary to take proper measures in order to increase species diversity in this area. Some ornamental species such as Ginkgo biloba L. and Toona sinensis （A. Juss. ） Roem. basically could not be adapted to the environmental and site conditions in this area, which should be limited to further introduction or to be eliminated. Indigenous Populus euphratica Oliv. and Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and so on presented strong ecological adaptability both in increment and resistance. Some short native shrub species possessed good ability of fixing soil and regeneration, which should be given attention to in the construction of windbreak. In addition, most of economic species in this area were in fruit phase, not only high vigor of tree but high fruiting rate, accomplishing the purposes of ecological and economic benefits.