从正义的参照管窥古代正义和近代正义的分野

The Distinction between Ancient and Modern Justice Seen from the Perspective of its Reference

正义必有其参照,这一参照就是自然,但古代正义和近代正义却给这一参照赋予了不同的内涵,古代正义给自然赋予神性,而近代正义却给自然赋予兽性。这使古代正义和近代正义具有了不同的特色:前者是为了德性、为了城邦的正义,而后者却是为了权利、为了个人的正义。

Justice certainly has its object of reference, which goes to be nature. However, ancient justice and modern justice have given such different interpretations to this reference that the former confers divinity on nature and the latter accords brutish nature to it. Thus, the ancient justice and modern justice are supplied with different characteristics that the former is carried out for the sake of virtue and the justice of the city- states and the later is enforced with a view to strengthening power and individual justice.