司法竞技与诉辩规则——英美法系的“不应诉判决”及其理论基础

On the Sporting Theory of Justice and the Rules of Pleading——Default Judgment and its Theoretical Basis in Common Law

"不应诉判决"是英美法系民事诉讼中的独特制度安排。由于审前程序具备解决纠纷的独立功能,因此自诉讼开始被告未积极应诉的行为都可能被认定为缺席,从而做出不应诉判决。不应诉判决源自于司法竞技理念和陪审团审判制度,并在法律的历史变革过程中保持了自身的独特性与完整性。

Default judgment is a unique system in civil litigations of common law. As a pretrial has a dependent function of dispute settlement, from the very beginning of a trial, if the defendant does not respond to an action, the case shall be defined as default and then the default judgment shall be entered against the defendant. The default judgment system comes from the sporting theory of justice and the jury trial system, and moreover, it maintains its own distinct characters and integrity in the historical evolution of law.