移民身份焦虑的文化调适——以中、西文化语境中的犹太移民为个案

The Cultural Adaptation of Immigrants' Identity Anxiety——with Jewish immigrants in the Sino-Western Cultural Context as a Case Study

文化身份和身份焦虑是移民首先遇到的文化困境。从犹太移民在西方和在中国不同文化语境下的身份确认及其结果来看,原住地文化与迁入地文化之间的张力决定移民调适身份焦虑的基本走向;移民对原住地文化的固守或者遗弃是移民调适其身份焦虑的基本向度;移民对迁入地文化的抗拒与融入为移民身份焦虑的文化调适提供选择的可能。移民通过调适其身份焦虑,既在客观上改造了原有的文化,也改造其原有的身份意识。

Cultural identity and identity anxiety are the first cultural dilemma that immigrants will face. Seen from the identity confirmation and the results of Jewish immigrants in the different cultural contexts in the West and in China, the tension between the culture of the original native place and that of the immigration determines the basic orientation of the immigrant＇s identity anxiety adaptation. Whether an immigrant clings to or abandons the original culture is the basic dimension, from which he/she adapts his identity anxiety; whether he/she goes against or integrates into the culture of immigration supplies the possibility of choices for the adaptation of this anxiety. By adapting his/her identity anxiety, an immigrant reforms his/her original culture objectively and at the same time, reforms his original awareness of identity.