三种药用淫羊藿的地理分布与资源调查

Geographic Distribution and Resource Status of Three Important Medicinal Epimedium Species

淫羊藿属(Epimedium L.)植物为传统的中草药,也是新优地被观赏植物,具有悠久的药用历史和巨大的开发潜力。对3种重要的药用淫羊藿(朝鲜淫羊藿E.koreanum、心叶淫羊藿E.brevicornum和箭叶淫羊藿E.sagittatum)的地理分布、形态特征和资源现状进行了调查。调查发现,朝鲜淫羊藿分布于中国东北部,主要沿长白山脉分布,长期的过度采收使野生资源遭到严重破坏,保护工作迫在眉睫;心叶淫羊藿分布于西北各省以及山西、河南等省,野生资源丰富,但目前开发利用较少;箭叶淫羊藿广泛分布于华东、华南各省区,但野生资源蕴藏量并不丰富,且不同分布区形态变异较大,物种鉴定尚存诸多疑问。为保证野生资源的可持续利用,未来应控制朝鲜淫羊藿的过度采收,加强心叶淫羊藿的合理开发利用,不同地区的箭叶淫羊藿形态差异较大,质量不稳定,建议对其进行系统的质量评估之后择优开发利用。

Some species in genus Epimedium L. have been used as medicinal and ornamental ground cover plants, and have a tremendous potential for commercial development. In this study, we conducted field survey on three important and representative medicinal Epimedium species （i. e. E. koreanum, E. sagittatum and E. brevicornum ） aiming at promoting the sustainable utilization and development of Epimedium resources. The results showed that E. koreanum distributed in Northeast China, mainly along the Changbai Mountains. Wild resources of this species were seriously deteriorated due to years of overharvesting, thus, reasonable conservation strategies should be taken urgently. E. brevicornum distributed in Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Henan provinces. The wild resources of this species are abundant but rarely utilized. E. sagittatum is widely distributed in eastern and southern China with low plant density in each population. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of this species vary greatly among different populations. Further studies on species confirmation and systematics should be carried out. According to the results of our field investigation,over-harvesting of E. koreanum should be inhibited while the reasonable exploitation of E. brevicornum should be encouraged in order to utilize the wild resources sustainably. For E. sagittatum, considering the high level of intraspecific variation in morphology and medicinal quality, we should evaluate the wild resources comprehensively and identify the populations with high phytochemical contents before further exploitation.