水溶性酚醛树脂的合成与结构表征

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL WATER SOLUBLE PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN

水溶性酚醛树脂作为聚合物的交联剂,广泛应用于油田的堵水调剖作业。为了获得水溶性酚醛树脂的分子结构与交联特性的关系,研究了水溶性酚醛树脂的合成过程和结构。在甲醛与苯酚的摩尔比为3∶1和碱性催化条件下,合成了1种平均聚合度较高的水溶性酚醛树脂。传统的减压脱水分离产物的方法容易产生凝胶,故将金属盐沉淀的分离方法用于合成产物的分离。利用红外光谱和高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对产物进行了结构表征。结果表明,所合成的水溶性酚醛树脂为聚合度在2～10的缩聚物的混和物,树脂分子中的酚环通过亚甲基以邻-对位连接,其余的邻、对位被羟甲基取代,并推导出了合成的酚醛树脂的分子结构表达式。

As a polymer crosslinker, water soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin is widely applied in plugging and permeability controlling for oil reservoir. In order to get a relationship between the resin molecule structure and its crosslinking performance, a study on the synthesis and molecule structure of the resin was conducted. A novel water soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin with comparatively high average degree of polymerization was synthesized with a mole ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 3 under base catalyst condition. The resin solution became turbidity when NaC1 was added and the aggregated phenol-formaldehyde resin could be separated from the water through filter paper, avoiding gel formation in dehydration process under vacuum in a traditional method. The product was characterized by FT-IR （Fourier transform infrared spectrometry） and HPLC/MS （ high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry） technology. The results showed that the product was a mixture consisting of resins with polymerization degree from 2 to 10, in which the phenolic ring was linked via methylene at orthopara positions, and the other ortho and para positions on phenolic ring were substituted by hydroxymethyls. The possible molecule structure of the phenol-formaldehyde resin was elucidated.